Hackman & Oldham(1975)根據Turner & Lawrance 的研究成果，將工作特性與個人對工作的反應兩者之間的關係予以模式化，提出「工作特性模式」。其內容主要是指，工作中的五種「核心工作構面」會激發員工感受到的「關鍵的心理狀態」，進而會影響到「個人和工作的成果」。這五項核心工作構面包含技能多樣性(Skill Variety)、工作完整性(Task Identity)、工作重要性(Task Significance)、工作自主性(Task Autonomy)、工作回餽性(Task Feedback)。Hackman &Oldham（1975）認為這五項核心的工作構面，會影響員工對工作意義的體驗、對工作結果之責任體驗與對實際工作結果之瞭解等三個主要的心理狀態，並進一步影響個人的行為與工作表現，尤其是此三種心理狀態同時具備時，自我內在的激勵作用最高。Hackman & Oldham 並依據五種核心工作構面，設計出工作的激勵潛能分數(Motivating Potential Score, MPS)。
參見學者張淑眧等人之《組織結構、工作特性、員工生涯發展與組織承諾的關係探討》,中華管理評論國際學報‧第九卷‧第四期
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